WE ARE THE SANTRI: SOCIAL IDENTITY AND IN-GROUP FAVORITISM IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS (PESANTREN)
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Published:
Feb 19, 2026
Keywords:
Social identity, in-group favoritism, group solidarity, pesantren
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Abstract
This study aims to analyze the process of social identity formation among students and the inclination towards in-group favoritism within Islamic boarding schools. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation at the Nurul Qur'an Tahfidz Islamic Boarding School. The findings indicate that the values espoused by Islamic boarding schools, communal living, and religious traditions significantly contribute to the cultivation of a sense of belonging, group pride, and internal cohesion among students. This pronounced social identity encourages a propensity to assess one's own group more favorably than external groups. This study reinforces the notion that Islamic boarding schools serve not only as religious educational institutions but also as social environments that shape the character, group identity, and social interaction patterns of students
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Kamalia, A. N., Andara Titania, A., Mumtaz, B., & Priarni, R. (2026). WE ARE THE SANTRI: SOCIAL IDENTITY AND IN-GROUP FAVORITISM IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOLS (PESANTREN). PROCEEDING AL GHAZALI International Conference, 3(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.52802/aicp.v3i1.1783
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References
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Sakir, Moh., dan Robingun Suyud El Syam. 2024. “Pendidikan Kepesantrenan: Negosiasi Ruang Kaum Santri dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Sosial Keagamaan di Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an Wonosobo.” EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 5 (1): 337–48. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.760.
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Turner, J. C., R. J. Brown, dan H. Tajfel. 1979. “Social Comparison and Group Interest in Ingroup Favouritism.” European Journal of Social Psychology 9 (2): 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420090207.
Assa’Idi, Sa’dullah. 2021. “The Growth of Pesantren in Indonesia as the Islamic Venue and Social Class Status of Santri.” Eurasian Journal of Educational Research 21 (93). https://doi.org/10.14689/ejer.2021.93.21.
Azizah, Hari Nur, Nicky Estu Putu Muchtar, dan Freddrick Tiagita Putra. 2023. “PESANTREN AS A PILLAR OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA.” Academicus: Journal of Teaching and Learning 2 (1): 9–15. https://doi.org/10.59373/academicus.v2i1.19.
Brown, Rupert. 2020. “The Social Identity Approach: Appraising the Tajfellian Legacy.” British Journal of Social Psychology 59 (1): 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12349.
Burga, Muhammad Alqadri, dan Muljono Damopolii. 2022. “Reinforcing Religious Moderation through Local Culture-Based Pesantren.” Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 8 (2): 145–62. https://doi.org/10.15575/jpi.v8i2.19879.
Fiedler, Susann, Dshamilja Marie Hellmann, Angela Rachael Dorrough, dan Andreas Glöckner. 2018. “Cross-National in-Group Favoritism in Prosocial Behavior: Evidence from Latin and North America.” Judgment and Decision Making 13 (1): 42–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1930297500008810.
Firmansyah, Irja Putra Pratama, dan Munir. 2024. “Symbolic Meanings in the Social Interaction of Santri in the Pesantren Environment.” Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education 8 (3): 1086–102. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v8i3.698.
Islam, Gazi. 2014. “Social Identity Theory.” Dalam Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, disunting oleh Thomas Teo. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5583-7_289.
Masroer, Masroer. 2018. “Religious Inclusivism In Indonesia: Study of Pesantren An-Nida and Edi Mancoro, Salatiga, Central Java.” ESENSIA: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin 19 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.14421/esensia.v19i1.1485.
Nawas, Abu, I Gusti Ngurah Darmawan, dan Nina Maadad. 2024. “Single-Sex ‘Pesantren’ Schools: Unravelling Girls’ and Boys’ Peer Connections and Their Impacts on Wellbeing and Learning Outcomes.” International Journal of Educational Research 125: 102339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2024.102339.
Rochgiyanti, Rochgiyanti, Fathurrahman Fathurrahman, Mulyani Safitri, Rhoma Dwi Aria Yuliantri, dan Akhmad Priyanka Tegar Pangabdi. 2023. “Online Learning Design to Implement Student Communication Skills.” Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan 7 (1): 1285–90. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v7i1.6017.
Rohman, Abdul, dan Siti Muhtamiroh. 2022. “Shaping the Santri’s Inclusive Attitudes through Learning in Pesantren: A Case Study of Pesantren Al-Anwar Sarang Rembang Indonesia.” Journal of Educational and Social Research 12 (2): 367. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0058.
Sabiq, Ahmad. 2022. “PERAN PESANTREN DALAM MEMBANGUN MORALITAS BANGSA MENUJU INDONESIA EMAS 2045.” Wawasan: Jurnal Kediklatan Balai Diklat Keagamaan Jakarta 3 (1): 16–30. https://doi.org/10.53800/wawasan.v3i1.118.
Sakir, Moh., dan Robingun Suyud El Syam. 2024. “Pendidikan Kepesantrenan: Negosiasi Ruang Kaum Santri dalam Mempertahankan Identitas Sosial Keagamaan di Universitas Sains Al-Qur’an Wonosobo.” EDUKASIA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran 5 (1): 337–48. https://doi.org/10.62775/edukasia.v5i1.760.
Tajfel, Henri, dan John C. Turner. 2004. “The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior.” Dalam Political Psychology, 0 ed., disunting oleh John T. Jost dan Jim Sidanius. Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203505984-16.
Turner, J. C., R. J. Brown, dan H. Tajfel. 1979. “Social Comparison and Group Interest in Ingroup Favouritism.” European Journal of Social Psychology 9 (2): 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2420090207.