KONSEP QIBLAT DAN ISTIQBALUL QIBLAT DALAM FIQIH

Abstract

Determining the direction of the Qibla is an important aspect in the performance of prayer for Muslims. This article discusses the legal basis for facing the Qibla from the perspective of the Qur'an and Hadith, as well as the concept of istiqbal al-qiblah according to the jurists of the four main schools of thought: Hanafiyyah, Malikiyyah, Shafi'iyyah, and Hanabilah. From the Qur'an, the command to face the Kaaba is clearly stated in Surah al-Baqarah verses 144, 149, and 150, which emphasizes that the direction of the Qibla is not a form of sanctification, but rather a means of obedience to Allah and unifying the Muslim community. The Hadith of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) provides a practical explanation for implementing this command, including when the Qibla was moved from Bait al-Maqdis to the Kaaba. Technically, the jurists agree that facing the Qibla is a prerequisite for valid prayer, although they differ on the methods for determining the direction of the Qibla, including the use of the mihrab, asking a just person, ijtihad, and taqlid. This article also discusses various practical cases, such as situations where someone is unsure about the direction of the Qibla, has not found the Qibla, or faces obstacles in ijtihad, and their implications for the validity of prayer. This study shows that determining the direction of the Qibla is a combination of sharia principles, individual ability, and technical methods recognized by the jurists, thus enabling valid prayer despite limited information or geographical constraints.