HUKUM PIDANA DAN HAK CIPTA DI ERA KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL: ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DALAM HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Criminal Law, , Criminal Liability, Copyright, Islamic Law
Abstract
This study examines the issue of criminal liability for copyright infringement committed through artificial intelligence (AI) from the perspective of both positive criminal law and Islamic law. The lack of a clear legal subject status for AI in Indonesian positive law creates a legal vacuum, leading to difficulties in assigning criminal liability. This research adopts a normative-juridical method with a comparative approach between positive legal norms and the principles of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah in Islamic law. The findings reveal that Islamic law offers normative flexibility that enables accountability through the principle of property protection (ḥifẓ al-māl) and the prohibition of harm (lā ḍarar wa lā ḍirār), whereas positive law requires normative reconstruction to recognize human controllers of AI as liable actors. The study recommends the formulation of a hybrid legal norm that integrates the strengths of both systems to establish a fair and adaptive copyright protection mechanism in the digital era.
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References
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Stahl, B. C. (2023). Embedding responsibility in intelligent systems: from AI ethics to responsible AI ecosystems. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34622-w
Alam Wibowo, R. J. (2023). Ciptaan dan Invensi Hasil Kecerdasan Buatan dalam Perspektif Hak Cipta dan Paten. Jurnal Ilmiah Kebijakan Hukum, 17(3), 269. https://doi.org/10.30641/kebijakan.2023.V17.269-288
Borges, G. (2023). Liability for AI Systems Under Current and Future Law. Computer Law Review International, 24(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.9785/cri-2023-240102
Diab, M. F. S. (2024). Criminal Liability for Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems. American Journal of Society and Law, 3(1), 14–18. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajsl.v3i1.2481
Elmahjub, E. (2023). Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Ethics: Towards Pluralist Ethical Benchmarking for AI. Philosophy & Technology, 36(4), 73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-023-00668-x
Endang Purwaningsih, I. I. (2023). Analisis Artificial Intelligence (AI) Sebagai Inventor Berdasarkan Hukum Paten Dan Hukum Islam. Galuh Justisi, 11(1), 1–15. https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/galuhjustisi/article/view/8915/0
GAFFAR, H., & ALBARASHDI, S. (2025). Copyright Protection for AI-Generated Works: Exploring Originality and Ownership in a Digital Landscape. Asian Journal of International Law, 15(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2044251323000735
Gaon, A. H. (2021). Different paths to AI authorship. In The Future of Copyright in the Age of Artificial Intelligence. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781839103155.00018
Hakim, H. A., Praja, C. B. E., & Ming-Hsi, S. (2023). AI in Law: Urgency of the Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Law Enforcement in Indonesia. Jurnal Hukum Novelty, 14(1), 122. https://doi.org/10.26555/novelty.v14i1.a25943
Haneffa Muchlis Gazali, Junisa Jumadi, Noor Rasyidah Ramlan, Nurmaisarah Abd Rahmat, Siti Nor Hazilawati Mohd Uzair, A. N. M. (2020). Application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Islamic Investments. Journal of Islamic Finance, 9(2), 70–78. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31436/jif.v9i2.485
Haq, S. Al, & Yunanto, Y. (2024). Legal Implications of Using Artificial Intelligence (AI) Technology in Electronic Transactions. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7(05). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i05-108
Hardiyanti Qurrahman, S., Ayunil, S., & Aurelia Rahim, T. (2024a). Kedudukan dan Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Artificial Intelegence Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia. UNES Law Review, 6(4), 12687–12693. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2108
Hardiyanti Qurrahman, S., Ayunil, S., & Aurelia Rahim, T. (2024b). Kedudukan dan Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Artificial Intelegence Dalam Hukum Positif Indonesia. NES Law Review, 6(4), 12687–12693. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31933/unesrev.v6i4.2108
Haris, M. T. A. R., & Tantimin, T. (2022). Analisis Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pidana Terhadap Pemanfaatan Artificial Intelligence Di Indonesia. Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH), 8(1), 307–316. https://doi.org/10.23887/jkh.v8i1.44408
Irwansyah. (2022). Penelitian Hukum, Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel, Edisi Revisi. Mirra Buana Media.
Jaya, Febri, and W. G. (2021). Analisis Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Kecerdasan Buatan Atau Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum Pada Hukum Positif Indonesia. Supremasi Hukum, 17(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/https://doi. org/10.33592/jsh.v17i2.1287.
Kurniawan, I. (2023). Analisis terhadap Artificial Intelligence sebagai Subjek Hukum Pidana. Mutiara : Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 1(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.61404/jimi.v1i1.4
Maryandi, Y. (2019). Sanksi Pelanggaran Hak Cipta Menurut Hukum Pidana Islam Dan Hukum Positif Di Indonesia. Tahkim (Jurnal Peradaban Dan Hukum Islam), 2(2). https://doi.org/10.29313/tahkim.v2i2.5113
Mohadi, M., & Tarshany, Y. (2023). Maqasid Al-Shari’ah and the Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Contemporary Maqasid Studies, 2(2), 79–102. https://doi.org/10.52100/jcms.v2i2.107
Muhaimin. (2020). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Mataram University Press.
Purwaningsih, E., & Islami, I. (2023). Analisis Artificial Intelligence (Ai ) Sebagai Inventor Berdasarkan Hukum Paten Dan Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Galuh Justisi, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25157/justisi.v11i1.8915
Rasyidah, N. A., Aksay, M., & Akmal, M. F. (2024). Urgensi Pembuatan Regulasi Penggunaan AI (Artificial Intelligence) Di Indonesia. Jurnal Penegakan Hukum Indonesia, 5(1), 42–51. https://doi.org/10.51749/jphi.v5i1.142
Ravizki, E. N., & Lintang Yudhantaka. (2022). Artificial Intelligence Sebagai Subjek Hukum: Tinjauan Konseptual dan Tantangan Pengaturan di Indonesia. Notaire, 5(3), 351–376. https://doi.org/10.20473/ntr.v5i3.39063
Rodliyah, R., Suryani, A., & Husni, L. (2021). Konsep Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Korporasi (Corporate Crime) Dalam Sistem Hukum Pidana Indonesia. Journal Kompilasi Hukum, 5(1), 191–206. https://doi.org/10.29303/jkh.v5i1.43
Rosati, E. (2024). Infringing AI: Liability for AI-generated outputs under international, EU, and UK copyright law. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4946312
Ruhtiani, M., Prihatinah, T. L., Sulistyandari, S., Park, H. K., & Whindari, Y. (2024). Legal Protection of Architectural Works as Copyright: An Epistemological and Islamic Law Perspective. El-Mashlahah, 14(1), 43–70. https://doi.org/10.23971/el-mashlahah.v14i1.7645
Shabana Kausar. (2024). Analysis of the Islamic Law and its Compatibility with Artificial Intelligence as a Emerging Challenge of the Modern World. Annals of Human and Social Sciences, 5(I). https://doi.org/10.35484/ahss.2024(5-I)10
Sitiris, M., & Busari, S. A. (2024). The Legal Capacity (Al-Ahliyyah) Of Artificial Intelligence From An Islamic Jurisprudential Perspective. Malaysian Journal of Syariah and Law, 12(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.33102/mjsl.vol12no1.453
Stahl, B. C. (2023). Embedding responsibility in intelligent systems: from AI ethics to responsible AI ecosystems. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 7586. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34622-w
Published
2025-06-28
How to Cite
Ruhtiani, M., & Istikharoh. (2025). HUKUM PIDANA DAN HAK CIPTA DI ERA KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL: ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN DALAM HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM ISLAM. Jurnal Al-Wasith : Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 10(1), 62-79. https://doi.org/10.52802/wst.v10i1.1463
Section
Articles
